<text><span class="style42"></span><span class="style12">NICARAGUA</span><span class="style14"></span><span class="style42">Official name:</span><span class="style13"> Rep├║blica de Nicaragua (Republic of Nicaragua)</span><span class="style42">Member of: </span><span class="style13">UN, OAS, CACM</span><span class="style42">Area: </span><span class="style13">131779 km2 (50880 sq mi)</span><span class="style42">Population: </span><span class="style13">4265000 (1993 est)</span><span class="style42">Capital: </span><span class="style13">Managua 1108000 (city 682000; 1988 est)</span><span class="style42">Other major cities:</span><span class="style13"> Leon 101000 (1988 est)</span><span class="style42">Languages: </span><span class="style13">Spanish (official), Miskito</span><span class="style42">Religion: </span><span class="style13">Roman Catholic (90%)</span><span class="style42">GOVERNMENT</span><span class="style13">The 92-member National Assembly is elected by proportional representation by universal adult suffrage for six years. The President, who is also directly elected for six years, appoints a Cabinet.</span><span class="style42">GEOGRAPHY</span><span class="style13">Most Nicaraguans live on a fertile plain on the Pacific coast. Mountain ranges in the center rise to Pico Mogot├│n at 2107 m (6913 ft). Tropical jungle covers the Atlantic coastal plain. </span><span class="style42">Climate: </span><span class="style13">The climate is tropical and humid with a rainy season from May to October.</span><span class="style42">ECONOMY</span><span class="style13">The largely agricultural economy was damaged in the 1980s by guerrilla warfare, a US trade embargo and hurricanes. Privatization and strict austerity programs are in force. Coffee, cotton and sugar cane are the main export crops. </span><span class="style42">Currency: </span><span class="style13">Cordoba.</span><span class="style42">HISTORY</span><span class="style13">In 1502 Columbus landed in Nicaragua, which remained a Spanish possession until independence was gained in 1821. Independent Nicaragua witnessed strife between conservatives and liberals. Early in the 20th century, the political situation deteriorated, provoking American intervention ΓÇô US marines were based in Nicaragua from 1912 to 1925, and again from 1927 until 1933. General Anastasio Somoza became president in 1937. Employing dictatorial methods, members of the Somoza family, or their supporters, remained in power until overthrown by a popular uprising led by the Sandinista guerrilla army in 1979. Accusing the Sandinistas of introducing Communism, the USA imposed a trade embargo on Nicaragua, making it increasingly dependent on Cuba and the USSR. Right-wing Contra guerrillas, financed by the USA, fought the Sandinistas from bases in Honduras. A ceasefire between the Contras and Sandinistas was agreed in 1989. In free presidential elections in 1990, the Sandinista incumbent Daniel Ortega was defeated by Violeta Chamorro.</span></text>